Important Grammar Facts

Important Grammar Facts (अंग्रेजी ग्रामर के मुख्य तथ्य):

1. Parts of Speech (शब्दों के प्रकार):

Noun: Name of a person, place, or thing (e.g., John, city, book).
Pronoun: Replaces a noun (e.g., he, she, they).
Verb: Action or state of being (e.g., run, is, think).
Adjective: Describes a noun or pronoun (e.g., beautiful, tall).
Adverb: Modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb (e.g., quickly, very).
Preposition: Shows the relationship between a noun and other words (e.g., in, on, at).
Conjunction: Connects words, phrases, or clauses (e.g., and, but, because).
Interjection: Expresses emotion (e.g., wow!, oh!).

2. Tenses:

Total: 12 Tenses.

Present: Simple, Continuous, Perfect, Perfect Continuous.
Past: Simple, Continuous, Perfect, Perfect Continuous.
Future: Simple, Continuous, Perfect, Perfect Continuous.

Example:

Present Simple: She eats apples.
Past Perfect: She had eaten apples.
Future Continuous: She will be eating apples.

3. Sentence Structure:

Basic Pattern: Subject + Verb + Object (SVO).
Example: He (Subject) eats (Verb) apples (Object).
Complex Sentences: Combine independent and dependent clauses using conjunctions (e.g., because, although).

4. Active and Passive Voice:

Active: Subject performs the action.
Example: The cat chased the mouse.
Passive: Subject receives the action.
Example: The mouse was chased by the cat.

5. Articles:

Definite Article: "The" (used for specific nouns).
Indefinite Articles: "A" and "An" (used for non-specific nouns).
Example: A car (any car), The car (a specific car).

6. Direct and Indirect Speech:

Direct: Exact words of the speaker.
Example: She said, "I am happy."
Indirect: Paraphrased words of the speaker.
Example: She said that she was happy.

7. Punctuation Rules:

Full stop (.), comma (,), question mark (?), exclamation mark (!), quotation marks (" "), etc., are essential for clarity.
Example: Let's eat, Grandma! (Correct)
Let's eat Grandma! (Incorrect and confusing)

8. Subject-Verb Agreement:

Singular subject = Singular verb.
Example: He runs fast.
Plural subject = Plural verb.
Example: They run fast.

9. Modal Verbs:

Express possibility, ability, permission, or obligation.
Examples: can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must, ought to.
Example: You should study regularly.

10. Common Grammar Errors:

Their/There/They're:

Their (possessive), There (place), They're (they are).

Its/It's:

Its (possessive), It's (it is).

Your/You're:

Your (possessive), You're (you are).

Additional Grammar Facts (अंग्रेजी ग्रामर के और भी महत्वपूर्ण तथ्य):

11. Clauses (वाक्य खंड):

Independent Clause: A complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence.
Example: I like coffee.
Dependent Clause: Cannot stand alone; needs an independent clause.
Example: Although I like coffee (needs more information).

12. Types of Sentences (वाक्यों के प्रकार):

1. Declarative (घोषणात्मक): States a fact.
Example: She is reading a book.

2. Interrogative (प्रश्नवाचक): Asks a question.
Example: Are you coming?

3. Imperative (आदेशात्मक): Gives a command.
Example: Please sit down.

4. Exclamatory (विस्मयादिबोधक): Expresses strong emotion.
Example: Wow! What a beautiful place!

13. Conjunction Types (संयोजक के प्रकार):

1. Coordinating Conjunctions: Connects two independent clauses (e.g., and, but, or).
Example: I was tired, but I kept working.

2. Subordinating Conjunctions: Connects dependent clauses (e.g., because, although, since).
Example: She stayed home because it was raining.

3. Correlative Conjunctions: Work in pairs (e.g., either/or, neither/nor, not only/but also).
Example: Either you come with us or stay here.

14. Prepositions (पूर्वसर्ग):

Show relationships of direction, place, time, cause, or manner.
Examples: in, on, at, by, with, about, for, to.
Example: The book is on the table.

15. Determiners (निर्धारक):

Used before nouns to clarify them.
Types:

1. Articles: a, an, the.

2. Demonstratives: this, that, these, those.

3. Quantifiers: some, any, much, many, a lot of.

4. Possessives: my, your, his, her, their.
Example: This book is mine.

16. Conditional Sentences:

Express conditions and their outcomes.
Types:

1. Zero Conditional: Universal truths.
Example: If you heat water, it boils.

2. First Conditional: Real possibilities.
Example: If it rains, I will stay home.

3. Second Conditional: Hypothetical situations.
Example: If I were rich, I would travel the world.

4. Third Conditional: Past unreal situations.
Example: If I had studied, I would have passed the exam.

17. Gerunds and Infinitives:

1. Gerund (Verb + ing): Functions as a noun.
Example: Swimming is good for health.

2. Infinitive (to + Verb): Can act as a noun, adjective, or adverb.
Example: I want to swim.

18. Phrasal Verbs (क्रियाओं के वाक्यांश):

Verbs combined with prepositions or adverbs to create new meanings.
Examples:

Look after: To take care of.
Give up: To stop doing something.
Put off: To postpone.

19. Common Sentence Errors:

1. Run-on Sentence: Two independent clauses joined without proper punctuation.
Incorrect: I like coffee I drink it daily.
Correct: I like coffee; I drink it daily.

2. Fragment: An incomplete sentence.
Incorrect: Because she was tired.
Correct: She stayed home because she was tired.

20. Figures of Speech (अलंकार):

1. Simile: Comparison using "like" or "as."
Example: She is as brave as a lion.

2. Metaphor: Direct comparison.
Example: Time is money.

3. Hyperbole: Exaggeration.
Example: I’ve told you a million times.

21. Common Confusing Words:

Affect vs. Effect:

Affect: Verb (influence).
Effect: Noun (result).

Who vs. Whom:

Who: Subject of a sentence.
Whom: Object of a sentence.

Fewer vs. Less:

Fewer: Countable nouns (fewer books).
Less: Uncountable nouns (less water).

22. Sentence Improvement Tips:

Use active voice for clarity.
Avoid redundancy (e.g., repeat again → repeat).
Keep subject-verb agreement consistent.
Use parallel structures in lists.
Example: Incorrect: She likes swimming, to run, and biking.
Correct: She likes swimming, running, and biking.

यहाँ अंग्रेजी ग्रामर के और भी गहरे और दिलचस्प तथ्य दिए गए हैं:

23. Auxiliary (Helping) Verbs:

तीन मुख्य प्रकार के सहायक क्रियाएं हैं:

1. Be Verbs: is, am, are, was, were, being, been.

2. Have Verbs: have, has, had.

3. Do Verbs: do, does, did.

Example:

She is eating lunch. (Be Verb)
He has finished his work. (Have Verb)
I do not like coffee. (Do Verb)

24. Collocations (शब्दों के समूह):

कुछ शब्द अक्सर एक साथ उपयोग होते हैं। इन्हें Collocations कहते हैं।
Examples:

Make a decision (not "do a decision").
Take a shower (not "do a shower").
Strong coffee (not "powerful coffee").

25. Types of Pronouns:

1. Personal Pronouns: I, you, he, she, it, we, they.

2. Possessive Pronouns: mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs.

3. Reflexive Pronouns: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, themselves.

4. Demonstrative Pronouns: this, that, these, those.

5. Relative Pronouns: who, whom, whose, which, that.

6. Interrogative Pronouns: who, whom, whose, which, what.

Example:

She completed the task herself. (Reflexive Pronoun)

26. Adjective Order (विशेषणों का क्रम):

विशेषणों का सही क्रम होता है:
Opinion → Size → Age → Shape → Color → Origin → Material → Purpose → Noun.
Example: A beautiful small old round red Italian wooden dining table.

27. Inversions (वाक्य संरचना का उलटा):

वाक्य में सामान्य क्रम (Subject + Verb) को उलटकर नाटकीय प्रभाव डाला जाता है।
Example:

Normal: He had never seen such beauty.
Inversion: Never had he seen such beauty.

28. Ellipsis (शब्दों को हटाना):

ऐसे वाक्यों में कुछ शब्द हटाए जाते हैं, लेकिन अर्थ स्पष्ट रहता है।
Example:

Full Sentence: Do you want coffee?
Ellipsis: Coffee?

29. Parallelism (समान संरचना):

जब वाक्य में एक जैसी संरचना या पैटर्न का उपयोग किया जाता है।
Example:

Incorrect: She likes dancing, to sing, and cooking.
Correct: She likes dancing, singing, and cooking.

30. Emphasis Using "It" or "What":

किसी चीज़ पर जोर देने के लिए "It" या "What" का उपयोग होता है।
Example:

Normal: She loves pizza.
Emphasis: It is pizza that she loves.
Emphasis: What she loves is pizza.

31. Subjunctive Mood:

यह मूड संभावना, इच्छा, या कल्पना को व्यक्त करता है।
Example:

If I were a bird, I would fly. (Not "was")
It is important that he study hard. (Not "studies")

32. Dangling Modifiers (अस्पष्ट विशेषण):

जब विशेषण यह स्पष्ट नहीं करता कि वह किससे संबंधित है।
Example:

Incorrect: Walking to the park, the flowers were beautiful.
Correct: Walking to the park, I saw beautiful flowers.

33. Homophones (समान ध्वनि वाले शब्द):

शब्द जो सुनने में समान लगते हैं लेकिन उनके अर्थ अलग होते हैं।
Examples:

There (place) vs. Their (possessive) vs. They're (they are).
To (direction) vs. Too (also) vs. Two (number).

34. Idioms and Phrases:

अंग्रेजी में ऐसे अभिव्यक्ति-शैली वाले वाक्यांश होते हैं जिनका अर्थ सामान्य शब्दों से अलग होता है।
Examples:

Break the ice: Start a conversation.
Hit the books: Study hard.
Let the cat out of the bag: Reveal a secret.

35. Common Grammar Rules to Avoid Mistakes:

1. Double Negatives:
Incorrect: I don’t need no help.
Correct: I don’t need any help.

2. Misplaced Modifiers:
Incorrect: She almost drove her kids to school every day.
Correct: She drove her kids to school almost every day.

3. Its vs. It’s:

o Its: Possessive. (The dog wagged its tail.)

o It’s: It is. (It’s a sunny day.)

36. Reporting Verbs:

जब Direct Speech को Indirect Speech में बदलते हैं तो Reporting Verb का उपयोग होता है।
Examples:

Said, told, asked, explained, suggested, advised.
Example:
Direct: He said, "I am tired."
Indirect: He said that he was tired.

37. Wh-Questions Rules:

Wh-questions always begin with who, what, where, when, why, how.
Example:

Where are you going?
How does this work?

38. Sentence Types by Function:

Simple Sentence: Contains one independent clause.
Example: I like tea.
Compound Sentence: Contains two independent clauses.
Example: I like tea, and she likes coffee.
Complex Sentence: Contains one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses.
Example: I like tea because it’s refreshing.

39. Fixed Expressions:

Certain expressions in English follow a fixed structure.
Examples:

As soon as possible.
By the way.
At the end of the day.

40. Passive Infinitives:

Passive voice in infinitive forms.
Example:

Active: I want to finish the project.
Passive: I want the project to be finished.

Additional Advanced Grammar Facts (और गहराई वाले ग्रामर तथ्य):

41. Cleft Sentences (वाक्य के पुनर्गठन):

वाक्य को पुनर्गठित करके किसी विशेष भाग पर जोर देना।
Example:

Normal: She won the prize.
Cleft: It was she who won the prize.

42. Reported Speech Changes:

Direct Speech को Indirect Speech में बदलते समय निम्नलिखित बदलाव होते हैं:

Direct Speech	Reported Speech
Present Simple	Past Simple
Present Continuous	Past Continuous
Past Simple	Past Perfect
Will	Would
Can	Could

Example:

Direct: "I am happy," she said.
Indirect: She said that she was happy.

43. Conditionals with Mixed Time References:

दो अलग-अलग समयों को एक ही वाक्य में संदर्भित किया जाता है।
Example:

If I had studied harder (past), I would be successful now (present).

44. Negative Questions:

आश्चर्य, असहमति, या पुष्टि दिखाने के लिए नकारात्मक प्रश्नों का उपयोग।
Examples:

Isn’t it a beautiful day?
Don’t you agree?

45. Quantifiers (परिमाण सूचक):

Nouns की मात्रा दिखाने के लिए उपयोग।

1. Countable Nouns: Many, few, a few.
Example: Many books, a few apples.

2. Uncountable Nouns: Much, little, a little.
Example: Much water, a little sugar.

3. Both: Some, any, no, all.

46. Relative Clauses:

1. Defining Clauses: आवश्यक जानकारी जोड़ते हैं।
Example: The man who is wearing a red shirt is my teacher.

2. Non-Defining Clauses: अतिरिक्त जानकारी जोड़ते हैं।
Example: My teacher, who is wearing a red shirt, is very kind.

47. Intransitive and Transitive Verbs:

Transitive Verbs: Require an object.
Example: She reads a book.
Intransitive Verbs: Do not require an object.
Example: She sleeps.

48. Complex Prepositions:

दो या तीन शब्दों के समूह जो Preposition की तरह कार्य करते हैं।
Examples:

In front of.
On behalf of.
According to.

49. Double Comparatives:

जब तुलना में "अधिक" जोड़ना हो।
Example:

The more you practice, the better you become.
The faster you run, the sooner you reach.

50. Nominalization (क्रिया से संज्ञा बनाना):

Verb को Noun में बदलना।
Example:

Verb: Decide → Noun: Decision.
Verb: Grow → Noun: Growth.

51. Common English Prefixes and Suffixes:

Prefixes (उपसर्ग): Words के पहले जोड़े जाते हैं।
Examples:

Un- (unhappy), Re- (rewrite), Pre- (preview).

Suffixes (प्रत्यय): Words के अंत में जोड़े जाते हैं।
Examples:

-ly (quickly), -ness (kindness), -able (readable).

52. Correlative Conjunctions:

Conjunctions का जोड़ा जो संबंध दिखाते हैं।
Examples:

Either...or
Neither...nor
Not only...but also
Example: Not only is she smart, but also hardworking.

53. Elliptical Clauses:

जब clause में कुछ शब्द हटाए जाते हैं लेकिन अर्थ स्पष्ट रहता है।
Example:

Full: I like ice cream more than he likes ice cream.
Elliptical: I like ice cream more than he does.

54. Gerund vs. Present Participle:

1. Gerund: Verb + ing, Noun के रूप में।
Example: Swimming is fun.

2. Present Participle: Verb + ing, Adjective के रूप में।
Example: A swimming fish.

55. Concord of Nouns (संख्या सामंजस्य):

Singular और Plural के बीच सामंजस्य।
Examples:

Singular: The book is on the table.
Plural: The books are on the table.

56. Adverbs Placement:

Adverbs के स्थान से वाक्य का अर्थ बदल सकता है।
Examples:

She only eats vegetables. (Nothing else but vegetables.)
She eats only vegetables. (No other type of food.)

57. Hypothetical Structures with "If":

असत्य या काल्पनिक स्थितियों के लिए।
Examples:

If I were you, I would study harder.
If he had known, he would have acted differently.

58. Embedded Questions:

एक वाक्य के भीतर प्रश्न।
Examples:

Direct: Where is she?
Embedded: Do you know where she is?

59. Word Formation Rules:

Prefix और Suffix का उपयोग करके नए शब्द बनाना।
Examples:

Happy → Unhappy (prefix added).
Child → Childhood (suffix added).

60. Absolute Phrases:

वाक्य के साथ एक स्वतंत्र वाक्यांश जो जानकारी जोड़ता है।
Example:

Her work completed, she went home.

ये तथ्य आपकी अंग्रेजी ग्रामर की समझ को और भी समृद्ध करेंगे। यदि आप इनमें से किसी भी विषय को गहराई से जानना चाहते हैं, तो मुझे बताएं! 😊

या आप हमारा चैनल ajaygrammartechniques

को subscribe कर सकते है। Thanks.

Milan Tomic

Hi. I’m Designer of Blog Magic. I’m CEO/Founder of ThemeXpose. I’m Creative Art Director, Web Designer, UI/UX Designer, Interaction Designer, Industrial Designer, Web Developer, Business Enthusiast, StartUp Enthusiast, Speaker, Writer and Photographer. Inspired to make things looks better.